However, purple is a blending of blue and red light, and these colors are too far from each other to overlap. Some view this color as dark blue, while many other people view it as purple. Indigo can be seen as a color midway between blue and violet. Many get confused about indigo when comparing it to violet and blue. Most of us have learned that there are seven colors in the rainbow, which include the following official colors. ![]() This means forming a pattern of letters, for example, take the first letter of each color to form ROYGBIV. One of the easiest ways you can remember these rainbow colors in order is to create a mnemonic system. These are the rainbow colors in order, the red on top, moving to the bottom of the rainbow. Now that we have discussed what makes a rainbow, let us discuss further the colors of the rainbow. A rainbow is an optical illusion and has no physical appearance, so you cannot touch it and is the reason why you cannot see the end of the arch and are never able to reach the end of the rainbow. However, if you are flying in an airplane over the rainbow, you might get to see a complete circle rainbow, which is also known as a “glory” rainbow. This usually leaves a monochromatic red rainbow.įun fact, because of the horizon, when you view a rainbow from the ground, you can only see an arc. This occurs at sunset or when the sun rises, where the colors like green and blue that have shorter wavelengths are scattered. Rainbows can also come in a monochrome shade. Rainbows can also form by waterfalls, water fountains, and simply watering the garden so it does not always have to be raining. You can also get tertiary as well as quadruple rainbows. When this occurs, you will see a faint second rainbow just above the main one. You can also have multiple rainbows, for example, a double rainbow, which is where the light is reflected twice within a droplet of water. This follows the same process as the sunlight is reflected off the moon and hits droplets of water to form a moonbow. Rainbows can even occur at night, particularly when it is a full moon. This word was obtained from two words, one regn, which means “rain”, and boga, which means “arched”. Fun fact, the English name “rainbow” comes from an old English word known as renboga. ![]() Depending on the weather conditions, a rainbow can last about an hour, however, there has been a record of a rainbow that lasted several hours in the city of Sheffield in England. The sun must also not be obscured by mountains or dark clouds. Therefore, sunny, and rainy days are best to see a rainbow. For us to be able to see a rainbow, the angle at which light is refracted is 42 degrees. So, what is a rainbow? The rainbow you see in the sky is formed when sunlight passes through droplets of water, the light is refracted and reflected, thus creating the rainbow colors. In fact, there may be more than one million colors, we simply just cannot see these other colors. This was a simple way to explain colors, however, there are not only seven colors. Since he was a fan of Pythagoras, who considered there to be a connection between music and color, he changed it to seven colors to coincide with the number of musical notes. However, to make it easier to discuss the matter, Newton originally divided the spectrum into five colors. ![]() So, why does a rainbow have only seven colors? These colors form a visual spectrum, meaning each color blends into the next so there are no actual distinct colors. When these colors pass through the prism, they will bend or refract at different angles, which is what causes the rainbow of colors visible to the eye. On the other hand, you have red, which has a long wavelength of 700 nanometers. All colors have wavelengths, which can be measured in nanometers, for example, violet has a short wavelength of 380 nanometers. These colors are visible to the naked eye and are part of what is known as the visible light spectrum. This proved white light is composed of a vast spectrum of colors. ![]() When white light moves through a prism, the light refracts and produces various colors. Another famous scientist, Sir Isaac Newton, also contributed to this research with his glass prism experiment, which explained the breakdown of white light. The first person or philosopher to describe light reflections and refraction in the 17th century was René Descartes.
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